The material for a conductor is chosen based on a balance of several key properties: high conductivity, low weight, high tensile strength, and low cost.

• Aluminum: Aluminum is the most widely used material for power line conductors. Although it has lower conductivity than copper, it is significantly lighter and less expensive. This makes it an ideal choice for long-distance overhead transmission, as it reduces the weight and cost of the supporting towers.

• Steel: Steel is used for its high tensile strength. While it has poor electrical conductivity, it is often used as a reinforcing core to provide mechanical strength to a conductor.

• Copper: Copper has excellent conductivity and high tensile strength. However, due to its high cost and density, it is typically used only for specific applications like underground cables or in distribution lines with shorter spans.